The working principle of 18650 lithium battery.
Lithium batteries are a type of battery that is different from the commonly used dry batteries in the market. Lithium ion batteries are batteries that use lithium metal or lithium ions as cathodes. This is a rechargeable battery that uses electrochemical reactions during the charging and discharging process to convert electrical energy into other forms of energy. The following will provide a detailed analysis of the working principle of lithium batteries.
1. Structure of lithium-ion batteries
A typical lithium-ion battery consists of positive and negative electrodes, electrolyte, and separator. The anode is usually composed of carbon materials, while the cathode is composed of compounds such as metal oxides or phosphates. Electrolyte is usually a mixture of inorganic salts and organic solvents, while membranes are used to prevent direct contact between two electrodes.
2. Reaction during charging
During the charging process, the voltage between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery will charge it and discharge lithium ions from the cathode. When lithium ions are transferred to the anode, they will react chemically with the electrode material, and the electrons of lithium ions will be captured by the electrode material. This will bring higher energy levels to transfer lithium ions to the anode, increasing the positive electrode voltage of the battery.
3. Reaction during discharge
During the discharge process, ions will leave the anode and move to the cathode, where they will react with chemicals again and electrons will be released back into the circuit. This will cause a decrease in the positive voltage of the battery. At the same time, the flow of ions also generates electrical energy and drives switches and other devices.
4. Lifespan and safety
The lifespan and safety of lithium batteries are influenced by many factors, including charging and discharging rates, battery temperature, and service life. High temperature, pulse charging, and overcharging can all lead to a shortened battery life, thereby affecting the performance of lithium batteries. In addition, thermal disasters (such as short circuits) of this type of battery may pose safety risks.
5. Mechanism and Application
The mechanism and application of lithium batteries have made tremendous progress in the past few decades, especially in portable electronic devices and large-scale power storage applications. In many cases, lithium-ion batteries have higher energy density and longer lifespan than local batteries and cadmium nickel batteries.
In short, lithium batteries combine electrical and chemical energy to convert energy through repeated charging and discharging. It has made contributions to people's lives, especially in the widespread application of digital products and portable mobile devices.
