Which is safer, lithium battery or lead-acid battery?
From the perspective of battery safety protection, all
18650 battery cells are designed with safety valves, which can not only release excessive internal pressure but also disconnect the battery from external circuits, effectively isolating the cell physically to ensure the safety of other battery cells in the battery pack. In addition, lithium-ion battery packs are usually equipped with BMS protection boards, which can control the state of the battery cells inside the pack and solve the problem of overcharging and discharging from the root.
The BMS battery management system for lithium batteries will provide comprehensive protection for the battery pack, including functions such as high and low temperature protection during charging/discharging, overcharging/discharging voltage protection, charging/discharging overcurrent protection, core balance, short circuit protection, charging prompt, etc.
The electrolyte of a lithium battery pack is a mixture of lithium salts and organic solvents. The commercially used lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate, which is easily subjected to thermal analysis at high temperatures and undergoes thermochemical reactions with organic solvents, reducing the thermal stability of the electrolyte.
Lithium batteries are adjacent to
lithium iron phosphate, and the P-O bonds in the lithium iron phosphate crystals are strong and difficult to analyze. Even under high temperature or overcharge conditions, they will not collapse and generate heat like lithium cobalt oxide, or form strong oxidizing substances, thus having good safety. In practical operation, a small number of specimens were found to have combustion phenomena during needle puncture or short circuit tests, but there was no explosion. Compared to this, the safety of lithium batteries has been greatly improved.
Lead acid batteries lack BMS system protection. BMS protection is almost non-existent, and many low-quality chargers cannot even achieve power outage, making safety protection far from lithium-ion batteries. In addition, low-quality chargers pose significant safety hazards.
